Python has a rich set of built-in data types that allow you to store and manipulate data in various ways. Here is a detailed overview of Python’s primary data types:

1. Numeric Types

Integers (int): Whole numbers, positive or negative, without a fractional part

x = 5
y = -10

Floating-Point Numbers (float): Numbers with a fractional part.

pi = 3.14159
e = 2.718

Complex Numbers (complex): Numbers with a real and an imaginary part.

z = 3 + 4j
w = 5 - 2j

2. Sequence Types

Strings (str): Ordered sequences of characters.

name = "Alice"
greeting = 'Hello, World!'

Lists (list): Ordered, mutable collections of items.

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Tuples (tuple): Ordered, immutable collections of items.

coordinates = (10.0, 20.0)
colors = ('red', 'green', 'blue')

Ranges (range): Immutable sequences of numbers, commonly used for looping a specific number of times in for loops.

r = range(5)  # 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

3. Mapping Types

Dictionaries (dict): Unordered collections of key-value pairs

person = {"name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}
scores = {"Alice": 90, "Bob": 85}

4. Set Types

Sets (set): Unordered collections of unique items

unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Frozen Sets (frozenset): Immutable sets.

frozen_set = frozenset([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

5. Boolean Type

Booleans (bool): Represent True or False values.

is_active = True
is_closed = False

6. Binary Types

Bytes (bytes): Immutable sequences of bytes.

b = b'Hello'

Byte Arrays (bytearray): Mutable sequences of bytes.

ba = bytearray(b'Hello')

Memory Views (memoryview): Provides a view of another binary sequence without copying it.

mv = memoryview(bytes(5))

7. None Type

NoneType (None): Represents the absence of a value.

result = None

Examples of Data Type Usage

# Numeric Types
age = 25           # int
height = 5.9       # float
complex_num = 3 + 2j  # complex

# Sequence Types
name = "John Doe"  # str
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]  # list
coordinates = (10.0, 20.0)  # tuple
range_numbers = range(5)    # range

# Mapping Type
person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 28}  # dict

# Set Types
unique_ids = {101, 102, 103}  # set
immutable_ids = frozenset([101, 102, 103])  # frozenset

# Boolean Type
is_student = True  # bool

# Binary Types
byte_seq = b'Hello'  # bytes
mutable_byte_seq = bytearray(b'Hello')  # bytearray
memory_view_seq = memoryview(bytes(5))  # memoryview

# None Type
nothing = None  # NoneType